Affair Recovery

How do you rebuild trust after cheating and lying?

Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr

Rebuilding trust after cheating and lying can be a difficult and challenging process, but it is possible with effort and commitment. Rebuild trust after infidelity. It’s possible with the right approach.

The cornerstone of any successful connection is trust. You will feel betrayed, shattered, and anguished if you find out your partner has cheated on you. It’s tough to accept that the one you loved most in the world has hurt you so deeply. While discovering that your partner has been unfaithful is certainly a breaking point, it is not always easy to end the relationship.

Table of Contents

Knowing how to make amends and regain your partner’s trust is important if you’ve cheated and been given a second chance. This article discusses strategies for mending a relationship following infidelity.

Can trust be rebuilt after an affair?

After infidelity, it may take time and effort to rebuild trust, but it is possible to do so. Honesty, constancy, and taking responsibility are the cornerstones of trust, which are essential to its gradual development over time. The one who cheated must accept responsibility for their actions and be willing to make amends in order to win back their partner’s trust. They may need to be open and honest about their whereabouts and actions, ready to answer any questions, and ready to seek help from a therapist or counselor.

The cheated-on partner’s willingness to put in the effort to restore trust is also crucial. The willingness to listen and talk, to communicate and forgive, and to put in the time and effort to repair the damage done to the relationship may be required.

How long does it take to rebuild trust after cheating?

Regaining trust after betrayal is not a straight line; there may be obstacles and setbacks along the way. Regaining trust can take a long time — months or even years for some. Being patient and understanding with the process and willing to work through the difficult emotions that may arise is crucial. It takes time and work on both parties’ parts to rebuild trust. Establishing reasonable goals and maintaining persistence will help the process go more smoothly. Remember that learning to trust again can be a process that may involve changes on both ends of the relationship and in the individuals involved.

Regaining someone’s trust requires an introspective examination of one’s own actions and patterns. In other words:  Be patient with your partner. Breaking off an affair is only the first step in restoring your partner’s faith in you. After that, you can expect some off-and-on blame, paranoia, and accusations to linger.

Get a handle on everything, but don’t let it shake your resolve. It’s normal for things to go this way.

There is no set time frame for this because every couple affected by infidelity moves through this process at their own unique pace. If you’re patient and persistent, however, your partner may eventually begin to lower their guard and re-establish some level of trust in you.
[su_spacer]

38 Ways to Rebuild Trust in a Relationship after iNfidelity-Overcome iNfidelity- Healing- Adultery Affair Recovery
38 Ways to Rebuild Trust in a Relationship after iNfidelity-Overcome iNfidelity- Healing- Adultery Affair Recovery
Can Broken Trust be regained after cheating?

Trust can only be rebuilt if both parties are committed to doing the work necessary to do so. If one party is unwilling to put in the necessary effort, then trust cannot be rebuilt and the relationship cannot continue & your thoughts will be like  “How do you rebuild trust after cheating and lying with a person who is not willing to work”.

Trust can be rebuilt, but it takes time and work. And, of course, a promise from each partner. The end of a relationship is not necessarily the result of infidelity. Infidelity doesn’t always have to lead to the end of a relationship. When trust is restored in a relationship, it can sometimes grow even stronger than before. But that can only happen if the offender accepts responsibility for their actions, seeks to rectify the situation, and actively seeks to fortify the bond between the two parties.

After an affair, it’s hard to get back on your feet. However, improbable as it may seem, nothing is actually impossible. In many cases, all it takes to restore trust is a modicum of flexibility and comprehension. The following advice should help you feel better about where your relationship is headed.

If the unfaithful partner is truly sorry and wants to make amends, they should stop the affair immediately. They need to do everything they can to win back people’s confidence and show that what happened won’t happen again.

A damaged relationship can be restored with mutual effort and trust from both partners, which is undermined by infidelity. In the same way that the one who betrayed must take time to center themselves, admit fault, forgive, and move on, the one who has been betrayed must do the same, but with patience, strength, and fortitude. The state of affairs may look daunting, but it is possible to manage.

How do you earn someone’s trust back after cheating?

Both parties need to be completely forthright and open about their emotions, thoughts, and actions if they ever hope to restore trust. Having both parties feel safe and trusted in the relationship is crucial for open communication.

Restoring trust also requires setting up solid limits and ground rules for the relationship. As part of this process, it is important to establish boundaries regarding what kind of conduct is and is not tolerated by each party.

It takes time, patience, and effort, but it is possible to regain trust and rebuild a stronger, healthier relationship after infidelity. Remember that restoring trust is an ongoing process that requires both parties to be open and responsible going forward.  If you doubt yourself to rebuild then read Can a relationship go back to normal after cheating?

In addition, remember that trust restoration takes work on both sides. When attempting to restore trust, it’s important that both parties be willing to put forth the effort. Both the one who cheated and the one who was cheated on have to be willing to forgive and work through their feelings about the situation.

It’s also crucial to consider any underlying problems that may have contributed to the cheating. Some examples of such problems in a relationship are poor communication, an absence of emotional closeness, and a sense of dissatisfaction or unfulfilled needs. Both parties can benefit from a more fulfilling and satisfying relationship if the underlying issues are dealt with.

Self-help books, online support groups, and workshops on restoring trust are some additional resources that may help both parties move forward after therapy or counselling has failed.

How long does it take to rebuild trust after cheating?

Keep in mind that trust restoration may not occur immediately. Rebuilding trust in a relationship requires time, patience, and effort on both sides. As you go through this challenging time together, remember to treat each other with kindness, compassion, and understanding.

How do you rebuild trust after cheating and lying?

Here are some steps you can take to rebuild trust after cheating and lying:

  1. Don’t break your word to get through infidelity:

    Belief in the relationship and in oneself can be shaken by an affair. It’s natural to feel discouraged and uncertain about attempting to mend fences with your ex. You need to reassure your partner that the infidelity was an isolated incident and that you still want to work on your relationship with them. Do what you say you’re going to do and follow through on your commitments. If you’ve committed to regular, upbeat communication, for instance, that’s something you should continue doing. Talk things out calmly and rationally, without going silent or getting abusive.
    Do what you say, because actions speak louder than words. Though words have the power to kickstart the healing and forgiving process, it is actions that truly demonstrate one’s sincerity. Don’t just sit back and think you’re forgiven; follow through on all of your plans and promises. Your partner should take note of your transformation and make it clear they are willing to put the past behind them and start fresh. You still have to answer for it until then.

  2. Put an end to the affair and show your partner that you mean it:

    Don’t invite your cheating partner out on a date with you and the other person. You’re just asking for trouble by doing that. Communicate alternatively by means of telephone, text message, online social media, or electronic mail. Stop doing the things that got you into this affair and make a conscious effort to change your behavior.
    Try not to put yourself in situations where you’ll be tempted to cheat, such as when you’re with attractive people at a bar or encouraged to do so by your friends. Make it clear to your cheating partner that you no longer wish to have any further contact with them, and be prepared to back up your claims with evidence. This could be the most challenging and embarrassingly heartbreaking hump to jump. In case your partner has any lingering doubts about whether or not the affair is over, explaining how it was ended can put their mind at ease.

  3. Avoid rehashing old drama and focus on rebuilding trust:

    The past cannot be changed. It can’t be undone at this point in time. It’s better to focus on the here and now if you want a bright future, rather than digging into the past. Rehashing old grievances will only drive a wedge between you and prevent you from moving on. Think about how you can make amends in a way that benefits both of you. Think Forward. When you’ve been hurt, it’s natural to want to dwell on the past. However, you and your partner need to focus on the future. If you let it, it has the potential to be vastly superior to the past. Focusing on the future can help if your partner has decided to forgive you and you’re both working to rebuild trust in one another. If you’re having trouble imagining your future, [check out] these life questions.

  4. Be considerate of your partner’s feelings:

    Although adultery is a terrible error, it does not negate a person’s inherent goodness or redeem their past achievements. Restoring trust requires treating each other with dignity and decency.

  5. Be dependable:

    Having a track record of dependability demonstrates that you can be trusted to keep your word. Regaining your partner’s trust will require you to be reliable and there for them when they need you. Include this in your efforts to make amends.

  6. Provide privacy if they ask for it:

    Rebuilding trust requires learning a variety of skills, all of which can be challenging at first. It’s possible that your partner just needs some time alone to sort things out in his or her head. In that case, you should probably just hand it over. You may feel the urge to constantly check in with them to make sure they aren’t planning to leave you, but this strategy is doomed to fail. You need to give them space to develop their own solutions while remaining available to them when they need you. Honor your partner’s preferences. If your partner requests some alone time, give it to them. Rather than running away or begging for forgiveness, let them know you will be there for them if and when they come around. Make sure they know you’re serious about making amends and willing to do whatever it takes to prove you’ve learned from your mistakes and won’t treat them unfairly again.

  7. Tell partner what you anticipate from them:

    Trust must be rebuilt slowly. The two of you must be willing to adjust to a level of mutual expectation that neither of you has ever experienced before. One partner may ask the other to check in with them periodically by calling. In order to restore trust, you and your partner will need to accept the fact that things will have to change. And that calls for living up to the prerequisite standards.

  8. Listen to your partner:

    To begin rebuilding trust, your partner needs to be able to express how much the lie hurt them. Focus on what it is that they want from you and why it matters. When your partner feels heard, it’s easier for them to heal and forgive you. Don’t be a cold shoulder and expect them not to find solace in someone else. You may not feel like discussing your silly blunder over and over again, but doing so will help prevent resentment from building up on both sides.

  9. Acknowledge and take responsibility for your actions #afterbetrayal:

    It is important to admit to what you did and take responsibility for your actions. This includes acknowledging the harm you caused and apologizing for it.

  10. Be a doting partner to your sweetheart:

    Cheating hurts your partner because you’re giving the other person time and attention that should have been reserved for the two of you. It’s likely that your partner felt neglected during the affair. Now is the time to make up for it. Try surprising them with flowers or breakfast in bed to win them over. Keep in mind that relearning how to show affection after cheating and lying is just as important as learning how to restore trust.

  11. Be transparent and open to rebuild trust:

    To rebuild trust, you need to be transparent and open about your actions and your thoughts and feelings. This includes being honest about what led you to cheat and lie and being willing to answer any questions your partner may have.

  12. Stay away from stressors to get over infidelity in marriage:

    Some things can really get your partner worked up. If trust has been broken in the relationship, you should be extra vigilant in spotting and avoiding these red flags. If you know your partner gets angry and suspicious if you’re out late at night and you don’t respond to their texts, don’t do that. Engage in some form of communication and check in with them periodically. You can avoid reopening old wounds by avoiding the things that serve as triggers for them.

  13. Do not assume that they will pity you because you are sorry:

    You, too, are probably experiencing some pain right now. Even if you’re feeling awful and berating yourself, your partner will not feel sorry for you. You don’t deserve sympathy at the moment even if you cheated because of a problem in the relationship that wasn’t entirely your fault. Give all of your attention to them and ignore any self-pitying thoughts that may come to mind. To learn how to forgive an offender and free yourself from resentment,

  14. Be consistent and reliable to rebuild trust:

    To rebuild trust, it is important to follow through on your commitments and be reliable and consistent in your behavior. Respond honestly and openly to any inquiries. No matter how much you may feel shame, you should tell your partner the truth when they ask about your past. It could be your spouse’s way of pointing out the times you fabricated your whereabouts during the affair. You can prevent your partner’s imagination from making things worse than they are by filling in the blanks with a worst-case scenario by giving them all the dirty details.

  15. An Apology :

    You are aware that harm has been done, which will have consequences for both parties. If you want to repair your relationship, admitting you were wrong is the first step. Your partner may be willing to start a new chapter in your relationship if they believe your apology is sincere. Affect true regret . Reassure your partner that you are doing everything in your power to restore trust and that you will stop at nothing to make sure they are never again hurt by your betrayal.Be careful not to come across as needy if you’re being overly complimentary or affectionate. You must portray yourself as someone who is truly sorry for the harm they have caused. That’s the method for slowly regaining trust.

  16. Don’t pay attention to others stories:

    People who have been telling you that you can never trust a cheater or that “a cheater will always be a cheater” should not be blindly believed. You have the most intimate knowledge of your partner. And if you think your partner’s infidelity was an isolated incident caused by impulsiveness, you might want to give them another chance.

  17. Be patient and understanding:

    Rebuilding trust takes time, and it is important to be patient and understanding with yourself and your partner as you work through the process. Focus on growing the sentimental side of your connection. False trust causes people to withdraw from one another. Your relationship is suffering because your emotional connection has diminished. Improve your relationship with one another. Lack of trust could make this challenging, but it is possible with work. Carry on in-depth, in-depth discussions. Restoring trust is as simple as strengthening your bonds. It’s the key to restoring faith.

    Rebuilding trust after cheating - Overcome iNfidelity- Healing-Affair Adultery Recovery
    Rebuilding trust after cheating – Overcome iNfidelity- Healing-Affair Adultery Recovery
  18. Declare your intentions to each other:

    Make no more empty promises right now. Don’t promise your date an amazing night out, only to show up two hours late and cancel everything. That’s a surefire way to drive anyone who might have trusted you away. Honor your commitments. Your partner will regain faith and trust in you once they realize they can depend on you to keep your promises.

  19. Improve Your Methods of Expression:

    Active listening, in which one actively attends to another person while also demonstrating empathy and validating their feelings, is another skill worth developing. This can make it easier for both people to feel comfortable opening up to one another without fear of retaliation. Be a good listener when your partner is venting. Whenever you’re trying to figure out how to win back your partner’s trust after infidelity, keep in mind that they have every reason to feel betrayed and hurt. Be patient with them even as they vent their frustration, anger, tears, and accusations at you. Remember that you betrayed them, and this is the price you must pay.

  20. Speak freely and understand each other:

    There should be no ambiguity when discussing the future once both parties have decided to put the past in the past. Can you explain the circumstances that resulted in this affair? So, tell me, how do you keep this from happening again? Such questions must be answered before starting over. The faithful partner will have more faith in you after an honest conversation. New limits for the relationship can also be discussed. Come clean about cheating on your partner.
    Regular communication is stressed. In order to learn how to restore trust, it is necessary to have honest conversations about how you feel. If your partner has done something to hurt your feelings or cause you to lose trust in them, it’s important to express your feelings to them. In-depth conversation is needed to identify the root causes of the broken trust. By doing so, you can gain insight into each other’s wants, needs, and areas of greatest distress. Realizing these things makes it less difficult to heal and start trusting again.

  21. Don’t just choose to forget what happened:

    Ignoring the problem and hoping it goes away is the easy option. The trouble is that people will eventually notice if trust has been broken. It will slowly eat away at your connection until it finally collapses.
    You should not avoid the problem by ignoring it; instead, you should work together to resolve it. Both of you have to tackle the problem squarely.

  22.  Recognize and accept your shortcomings

    : The unfaithful partner should not place the blame for their actions on the loyal partner or any other party. The betrayed partner may have been unfaithful due to character flaws such as a lack of self-control, taking the relationship for granted, or failing to communicate. Even though there could be a number of causes for cheating, those reasons are no excuse for the cheating partner to continue their unfaithful ways. Expressly recognize the error you made.
    Don’t put the blame on your partner or anyone else! Infidelity is something you voluntarily choose to partake in. Apologize to your *possibly unreceptive* partner, and then explain why you decided to have an affair. Don’t put the blame on things like alcohol or peer pressure if you can help it. Instead, explain to your partner why you chose to betray them in this way.

  23. Don’t hide your whereabouts:

    You might expect this from a needy significant other. On the other hand, you and your partner are attempting to repair a trusting relationship that has been damaged. Your sweetheart will appreciate being able to keep an eye out for you if you tell them where you’ll be. It’s going to be annoying, and it might even make you feel like you’re being watched. However, this time it is an inevitable outcome.

  24. Create Moments: For the sake of new recollections, consider creating memories.

    When one partner cheats, the other suffers a loss. Things can never go back to how they were before.Try to put your energy into creating new memories with your partner as he or she begins to feel more comfortable opening up to you again. Each one of these will facilitate a fresh start and strengthen your bond.

  25. Wait , be patient with your partner while rebuilding trust:

    A period of reflection and preparation is necessary for the one who cheated to accept the gravity of their actions, rebuild trust, and bear the inevitable consequences. It’s important to give the other person space to process what’s happened, express their feelings, collect themselves, and then make a decision about whether or not to continue the relationship. Time spent together can help people come closer together.
    Be patient with your partner as they learn to walk.
    They can move at a snail’s pace if they want to, but that doesn’t make it any less of their right.

  26. Discuss your worries with one another:

    Re-trusting someone who has betrayed your confidence is difficult. Repeatedly, self-doubt, doubts, and fears would rear their ugly heads. However, in order to restore trust, it is essential that both parties discuss their respective fears. Don’t jump to conclusions if your cheating partner gets a call from an old friend. If your partner’s behavior makes you uneasy, it’s better to just tell them so than to assume. To allay your fears and win your trust, your partner can put the phone on speaker the next time they get a call from the suspect. Think about whether or not it can be rebuilt.
    If the two parties truly want to resolve their differences, this is something they must discuss. If you want to know how to restore trust in a relationship, you need to understand that both parties must be willing to put in significant effort. If just one person gives up, it will be impossible to restore the situation. The issue that triggered the trust crisis may also be unforgivable. You two should talk it out and decide.

  27. Divide up the workload:

    The burdens should be shared, Even if one partner committed the infidelity, the two partners still have to work through their issues together for the relationship to recover. When you’re with your friends, you’ll have each other’s backs no matter what challenges you face. It’s more manageable if everyone takes some of the blame rather than just one person. So, be open about everything: your mistakes, your aspirations, your limits.

  28. Don’t tune out!:

    Unfortunately, many people overlook its obvious simplicity. Give your full attention to your partner and try to understand what it is they need from you. Perhaps you don’t see how this could improve trust, but it actually does. You’ll have a better understanding of their emotions and reactions. If they have trouble communicating their feelings, you’ll be able to tell when they’re upset and help them work through it.
    However, remember that you are human and therefore destined to err.
    Even if you feel terrible right now, you shouldn’t lower yourself to that level. We’re only human, so if you want to improve, you have to be willing to make some alterations. Get in the habit of behaving like the kind of person you aspire to be, which is someone of high moral character. Lies are the work of cowards, so don’t let that describe you.

  29. Find positives:

    Write letters of appreciation to one another as part of the process of healing and reconnecting with one another and the love you once shared. Even if it’s always been there, it never hurts to be reminded how much you’re loved. Writing letters of gratitude to one another can be a great way to reflect on the positive aspects of your relationship and rediscover its value.

  30. Weekly date nights should be a priority:

    You can’t expect to rebuild trust in your relationship if you’re both busy with other things. The two of you should make time each week to spend together without distractions. Put down your phones, don’t back out, and always be up for doing something that will make you laugh and create new memories. You’ll feel like you’re back out on the dating scene. Listed here are 33 great date ideas that any couple can use.

    How long does it take to rebuild trust after cheating Overcome iNfidelity- Healing- Adultery Affair Recovery
    How long does it take to rebuild trust after cheating Overcome iNfidelity- Healing- Adultery Affair Recovery
  31. We are together and we are rebuilding trust:

    Each person in a couple wants to feel appreciated and loved by the other. A lack of honesty, integrity, or perseverance could be a contributing factor in cheating. If these were overlooked in the first part of your relationship, perhaps you can make them a priority in the second. Do something together that the other enjoys as a sign of affection. You should focus on your significant other regardless of whether or not they want it.

  32. Be ready to be cast in the role of antagonist for a while:

    As a result of your partner discovering your lie, they will likely be less trusting and affectionate towards you for some time. It’s inevitable that you’ll be cast in a negative light while people wait for you to make amends for your mistake. Think of it as a valuable education. That’s a big enough price to pay to make you never want to repeat that error again. Not being accepted will hurt, but if you’re honest with yourself, you’ll realize that you deserved the icy treatment.

  33. Don’t let your defensiveness get the best of you:

    Once the reality of infidelity sets in, the betrayed partner may react with anger, argument, and defensiveness. It’s normal, but you have to rein it in if you want to fix things with your partner. It’s possible that this quality will hurt your relationship instead of helping it. It’s best to keep your cool when talking to each other because if either of you gets defensive, the other person might not tell you the whole truth.

  34. Be responsive:

    There is a risk of disinterest after infidelity, arguments, and disagreements. Even if one partner says they want to stay together, the other may not be as enthusiastic about the relationship as they once were. There is little hope for the relationship to succeed if you are only there due to societal or family pressure. Not taking the relationship for granted is a step toward mending fences and restoring trust. As an alternative, you should demonstrate to your teammate that you are in this together.

  35. Recognize the truth:

    You can spend as much time as you like working to rebuild trust after cheating, but in the end, there are no guarantees. Acceptance of that fact is necessary. Human interactions rely on trust.

  36. Contemplate the sensual embrace and rebuild trust:

    Psychologically secure couple who enjoys touching each other. This is one of the most difficult aspects of recovering from a cheating partner. There may be a lack of enthusiasm on the part of the cheating partner, but the other person may be too hurt and rejected to make the first move. Even if you can’t completely flirt, you can still try to let your guard down and be cute and maybe even seductive if the mood strikes you. However, take your time and don’t rush. Move slowly in this direction, but do start moving because a physical connection is just as important as an emotional connection in a relationship.
    The ability to bond and trust one another is facilitated by the restoration of physical intimacy. Strive for a gradual restoration of your emotional and physical connection. Think of it as if you were starting over and trying to make your partner fall in love with you all over again. The fact that they are willing to make amends demonstrates that there is love between them, even if trust is a work in progress. Even if you’re starting from scratch again, showing your partner affection and demonstrating your sincerity and love will go a long way toward earning their trust.
    Just be thoughtful in general, and remember that it was the little things, like lengthy conversations or unexpected visits, that first won them over. Rekindle your love by making your partner laugh and impressing them with your culinary skills. If your partner seems to be warming up to you again, you can move on to more intimate activities. Do your best to keep your romantic relationships happy and healthy.
    That’s not just a sexual thing, either. You should practice being open and honest with one another. This is the way to both establish and restore trust. Do not be afraid to share your hopes, fears, and deepest desires. The two of you will learn to trust each other more as a result of this level of closeness.

  37. Construct a strategy to forestall further trust breakdowns:

    So, how will you prevent history from repeating itself? Make a strategy that you can both get behind, and do it. It could mean agreeing to talk about your differences instead of letting them build up and leading to rash behavior. Make sure you are both on the same page before moving forward. Trusting Your Instincts? [When and how to pay attention, or not.

  38. Seek support for #affairrecovery:

    Rebuilding trust can be a difficult and emotional process, and it may be helpful to seek the support of a therapist or counselor who can help you work through your feelings and develop a plan for rebuilding trust in your relationship. You’ve invested enough time in your partnership, but your efforts together haven’t yielded any tangible results. After that, you may want to seek help from a counsellor. It’s possible that reconciliation won’t go as smoothly as expected, even if you put forth your best effort. Therapy for couples is intended for just such situations. You shouldn’t feel bad about it. In fact, you should feel accomplished for seeking out expert help to mend the relationship. This is a great method for regaining trust in others. A therapist can act as a neutral third party with the ability to see both sides of the argument, allowing the couple to better understand one another. An expert therapist can give you perspective and help you work out solutions to the problems in your relationship. But keep in mind that therapy is only helpful if both you and your partner are willing to work on the relationship and are open to making changes.

If you cheat, it won’t be the end, but it will be the beginning of a new chapter.  If you’ve been betrayed and are trying to rebuild trust, you probably want to know if you can go back to the way things were before. There are just too many impracticalities to allow for that.

Rebuild & Regain Trust After Cheating-Overcome iNfidelity- Healing- Adultery Recovery
Rebuild & Regain Trust After Cheating-Overcome iNfidelity- Healing- Adultery Recovery

You won’t be reuniting with the same person; rather, you’ll be starting fresh with someone else. However, that’s not necessarily a bad thing, as it may indicate a more harmonious relationship.

Maybe the scare of almost parting ways will motivate you to work harder to keep your bond strong. Always keep in mind that trust is a fragile thing, and that if it is broken, the future will be altered in some small way.

Restoring trust also requires being open and honest about how you feel. For this to work, each person must be open to communicating their innermost thoughts and emotions to the other. In order to foster an atmosphere of safety and trust in which both parties feel comfortable expressing their emotions and concerns, it is important to be open and honest.

Also, keep in mind the importance of treating each other with kindness, compassion, and understanding as you work through the process of restoring trust. This requires an attitude of forgiveness and a willingness to let go of any bitterness or resentment.

Table of Contents

It’s also important to remember that regaining trust after infidelity isn’t a quick or easy process, but it is possible to do so with time, patience, and effort.
Rebuilding trust is not something that happens overnight, and it requires effort and commitment from both partners. Couple needs to be patient and understanding as you work through the process and to seek support if needed.

Comments are closed.